General information:
Substance group: Antiepileptics, Barbiturates and Derivatives ATC: N03AA02
Trade names: Luminal®, Luminaletten®, Phenobarbital*®
available doses: tablets 15 / 100 mg, solution for injection 219 mg/ml
Reference ranges:
10 – 40 mg/l
Toxic Plasma levels: 50 mg/l
Sampling:
Material: Serum (Monovette brown) Minimum volume for analysis: 500µl
Recommendation: trough level (directly before the next intake)
Requirement (internal): about ….. Requirement (external):
Pharmacology:
Test principle: High-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV)
Liquid-liquid extraction with ether, chromatographic separation, absorption measurement
Analysis system: HPLC
Findings communication: on the day of submission, via LIMS
Pharmacokinetics:
T 1⁄2 : 60 – 150 h
Tmax : p.o.: 6 – 18 h; i.m.: 3 – 5 h; i.v.: 20 – 60 min
Bioavailability: 100%
Protein binding: 40 – 60%
Clearance: 4.4 ml/min
Excretion: urine
Metabolism: hepatic
Therapeutic range: 10 – 40 mg/l
toxic concentration: > 50 mg/l
Distribution volume: 0.66 – 0.88 l/kg (children: 0.56 – 0.97 l/kg)
Time to steady state: 2 – 3 weeks
Indication:
Level 1: TDM strongly recommended
TDM at least every 3-6 months or more frequently in case of dose titration, suspected non-adrence, dose changes, changes in comedic eradication, adverse drug effects, intoxication, pregnancy.
Determination of phenobarbital serum concentration, blood count, alkaline phosphatase and renal/liver values.
DrugBank: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01174